Free radicals are unstable compounds formed in the body during metabolism and from exposure to environmental sources such as pollution and cigarette smoke. Free radicals are necessary for energy metabolism and immune function, but when an excessive number of free radicals are formed, they can attack healthy cells, especially their membrane lipids and proteins. This, in turn, is thought to affect a number of body processes, including optimal functioning of the immune system. Elderberry and blueberry extracts provide anthocyanins, important antioxidants that protect healthy cells from oxidative and free radical damage. Numerous studies have demonstrated the importance of beta-carotene for normal immune function. The immune benefits of beta-carotene are due to its role as a precursor to vitamin A, which stimulates the production of immune cells. Zinc is an essential trace element involved in most major metabolic pathways. Numerous studies also support the fundamental role of zinc in promoting normal immune responses in humans. Immune cells must be able to rapidly divide in order to respond to daily challenges, and they depend on adequate amounts of dietary zinc to promote their development. Healthy immune function can also be maintained by supporting a well balanced production of cytokines. However, low levels of zinc lead to decreased immune responses, including the production of fewer cytokines that target intracellular bacteria.Gluten FreeGMO FreeVeganVegetarian
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